Improvement in driven-well tubes



WILLIAM 0. AN DREWS.

Driven Well Tubes. I

Patented March 26,1872.

Mbzzaws;

iMPROVEMENT EN DRIVEN-WELL TUBES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent l\' o.125,(l00, dated March26, 1872.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM D. ANDERWS, of Brookhaven, in the county ofSuffolk and State of New York, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Driving Ends or Points for Driven-Well Tubes; and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and

exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawing forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1represents an exterior longitudinal view of my improved driving end orpoint, Fig. 2, a similar view with the perforated covering thatsurrounds the body of the point removed; Fig. 3, a longitudinal sectionof the entire point.

Similar letters of reference indicate correspondin g parts throughoutthe several figures.

My invention relates to driving ends or points, provided with guardedinduction openings, used for forming and operating driven-wells. Theinvention consists in a circumferentially-corrugated construction of thebody of the point, having a perforated covering surrounding it, withpassages between the corrugations and openings into the inte rior of thebody.

A driving end or point thus constructed is capable of being easilyentered into and withdrawn from the earthlikewise affords protection,against contact with the earth, of its body or perforated covering,excluding sand andv other matter from pressing on the covering orpassing through its interstices, and, in addition to presenting a freeand large inlet area for the water within a small compass, possessingsun dry other advantages, as hereinafter described.

Referring to the accompanying drawing, A represents a hollow cylinder,the interior diameter of which is equal to or approximates that of thetube or well-casin g to which it is to be attached. Said cylinder isopen at its upper end, and has a screw-thread upon its interior, bywhich to attach it to the well tube or casing, or to a rod, if the wellis to be first formed before inserting the lining-tube. The lower end ofsaid cylinder is closed, and the outer diameter of the cylinder madeconsiderably greater at each end than at its body or intermediateportion. Around said body are projections, ledges, or corrugations, a,which may either be arranged annularly or spirally, and which formspaces or passages, b, bet-ween them, in communication with the interiorof the body of the point byopenings 0. The outer diameter of thesecorrugations is considerably less than that of the upper and lower endsat and d of the cylinder. lovering the body ot the cylinder, betweensaid enlarged ends and lying upon and attached to the corrugations a, isa sheet of gauze, perforated metal, or other substance, constituting aperforated covering, e, the interstices or openings in which allow ofwater freely passing through it, but exclude, or for the most part, allsand, dirt, and other extraneous matter from entering therethrough. Thecorrugations a, being circumferential, as contradistinguished from 1011-gitudinal, to prevent the possibility of the gauze covering being rippedfrom end to end by a sharp edge of rock coming in contact with it, aswould be the case were the ribs or corrugations arranged longitudinally,as the next rib would either turn such obstruction aside or break it oftand prevent further damage. The upper enlarged end 01 of the point istapered in reverse directions, its outer shape being that of a cylinderwith frustums of cones attached at their base to the reverse ends of thecylinder, thereby presenting a reversely tapering or conicalconfiguration. The lower enlarged end d is in the form of a cylinder,with two opposite sides, ff, reduced so as to form a wedge having itsedge at. the lower end of the point, and said lower end d beingconeshaped above the wedge, or rather being in the form of a frustum ofa cone, t, joined at its base to the swell or enlarged portion of saidend. The smaller ends of the frustums of cones, adjacent to the two endsof the intermediate portion orbody of the point, are of the same ornearly the same diameter as the outer surface of the perforated covering6; but'the larger ends of the several frustums and the cylinders theyproject from or join are of considerably greater diameter, said portionsgiving to the ends d cl their enlarged shape or swell, and the samevarying in size according to the length of the body of the point. Theupper extreme end of the point is of the same diameter or thereabouts asthe tube to be at tached to the latter.

In the operation of this improved driving ATEN'I Orrron. m

end or point, having guarded induction opening, as described, the lowerenlarged end or portion (1' thereof being of a wedge-shape,

with a broad chisel-edge, enters the earth much more readily than whenof a different construction, and the upper enlarged end or portion at ofthe point being of a greater diameter than the body of the latter, theearth is forced aside and compacted so as to form a hole or openingthrough which the body of the point or cylinder and its perforatedcovering passes freely, and protection is effected against contact ofsaid body with the sides of the hole made by the point, by reason of thereduced size of the body of the latter relatively to its ends, and byits being guided centrally within said hole by its enlarged upperportion d.

If it is required to draw the well-tube out from its place in the earth,then the shape of the enlarged portions 01 d of the point enables suchwithdrawal to be made without the point offering any abrupt shoulders orprojections to catch upon or against any loose stones or othersubstances, which would greatly increase the resistance and powernecessary to efi'ect the withdrawal. Furthermore, the enlarged ends (I dof the point force the earth away to a considerable distance, and make afree opening for the passage of the attached pipe or tube, therebyrelieving it of friction, which constitutes a large portion of theresistance, in driving and withdrawing, with the form of point inordinary use.

' What is here claimed, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is-

The body of the point formed with exterior circumferential corrugationsor projections a, and passages c for the water between them, incombination with openings from said passages into the interior of thebody, and with the perforated covering a surrounding said body,essentially as herein set forth.

WM. D. ANDREWS.

Witnesses:

HENRY T. BROWN, FRED. HAYNES.

